USS Yorktown (CV-10) in World War II

USS Yorktown (CV-10) was an American Essex-class aircraft carrier that entered service during World War II. Originally dubbed USS Bonhomme Richard, the ship was renamed following the loss of USS Yorktown (CV-5) at the Battle of Midway in June 1942. The new Yorktown took part in the majority of the Allies island hopping campaign across the Pacific. Modernized after the war, it later served during the Vietnam War as an anti-submarine and sea-air rescue carrier. In 1968, Yorktown acted as the recovery vessel for the historic Apollo 8 mission to the Moon. Decommissioned in 1970, the carrier is presently a museum ship in Charleston, SC. Design Construction Designed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the U.S. Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were constructed to conform to the restrictions set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This agreement placed limitations on the tonnage of various types of warships as well as capped each signatories’ overall tonnage. These types of restrictions were affirmed through the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As global tensions worsened, Japan and Italy left the agreement in 1936. With the collapse of the treaty system, the U.S. Navy began creating a design for a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which drew from the lessons learned from the Yorktown-class. The resulting design was longer and wider as well as included a deck-edge elevator system. This had been used previously on USS Wasp. In addition to carrying a larger air group, the new design possessed a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament. Dubbed the Essex-class, the lead ship, USS Essex (CV-9), was laid down in April 1941. This was followed by USS Bonhomme Richard (CV-10), an homage to John Paul Joness ship during the American Revolution on December 1. This second ship began to take shape at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. Six days after construction began, the United States entered World War II following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. USS Yorktown (CV-5) under attack during the Battle of Midway, June 1942. US Naval History and Heritage Command   With the loss of USS Yorktown (CV-5) at the Battle of Midway in June 1942, the name of the new carrier was changed to USS Yorktown (CV-10) to honor its predecessor. On January 21, 1943, Yorktown slid down the ways with First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt serving as sponsor. Eager to have the new carrier ready for combat operations, the U.S. Navy rushed its completion and the carrier was commissioned on April 15 with Captain Joseph J. Clark in command. USS Yorktown (CV-10) OverviewNation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding CompanyLaid Down: December 1, 1941Launched: January 21, 1943Commissioned: April 15, 1943Fate: Museum ShipSpecificationsDisplacement: 27,100 tonsLength: 872 ft.Beam: 147 ft., 6 in.Draft: 28 ft., 5 in.Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed: 33 knotsRange: 20,000 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,600 menArmament4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber gunsAircraft90-100 aircraft Joining the Fight In late May, Yorktown sailed from Norfolk to conduct shakedown and training operations in the Caribbean. Returning to base in June, the carrier underwent minor repairs before practicing air operations until July 6. Departing the Chesapeake, Yorktown transited the Panama Canal before arriving at Pearl Harbor on July 24. Remaining in Hawaiian waters for the next four weeks, the carrier continued training before joining Task Force 15 for a raid on Marcus Island. The crew of the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-10) stands at attention as the National Ensign is raised, during commissioning ceremonies at the Norfolk Navy Yard, Virginia (USA), on 15 April 1943. Yorktown is freshly painted in Camouflage Measure 21. US Naval History and Heritage Command   Launching aircraft on August 31, the carriers planes pounded the island before TF 15 withdrew to Hawaii. Following a brief voyage to San Francisco, Yorktown mounted attacks on Wake Island in early October before joining Task Force 50 in November for the campaign in the Gilbert Islands. Arriving in the area on November 19, its aircraft provided support for Allied forces during the Battle of Tarawa as well as struck targets on Jaluit, Mili, and Makin. With the capture of Tarawa, Yorktown returned to Pearl Harbor after raiding Wotje and Kwajalein. Island Hopping On January 16, Yorktown returned to sea and sailed for the Marshall Islands as part of Task Force 58.1. Arriving, the carrier launched strikes against Maloelap on January 29 before shifting to Kwajalein the next day. On January 31, Yorktowns aircraft provided cover and support the V Amphibious Corps as it opened the Battle of Kwajalein. The carrier continued in this mission until February 4. Sailing from Majuro eight days later, Yorktown took part in Rear Admiral Marc Mitschers attack on Truk on February 17-18 before embarking on a series of raids in the Marianas (February 22) and Palau Islands (March 30-31). Returning to Majuro to replenish, Yorktown then moved south to aid General Douglas MacArthurs landings on the north coast of New Guinea. With the conclusion of these operations in late April, the carrier sailed for Pearl Harbor where it conducted training operations for much of May. Rejoining TF 58 in early June, Yorktown moved towards the Marianas to cover Allied landings on Saipan. On June 19, Yorktowns aircraft began the day by mounting raids on Guam before joining the opening stages of the Battle of the Philippine Sea. The following day, Yorktowns pilots succeeded in locating Admiral Jisaburo Ozawas fleet and commenced attacks on the carrier Zuikaku scoring some hits. As fighting continued through the day, American forces sank three enemy carriers and destroyed around 600 aircraft. In the wake of the victory, Yorktown resumed operations in the Marianas before raiding Iwo Jima, Yap, and Ulithi. At the end of July, the carrier, in need of an overhaul, departed the region and steamed for Puget Sound Navy Yard. Arriving on August 17, it spent the next two months in the yard. The US Navy aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-10) during the Marcus Island raid on 31 August 1943. US Naval History and Heritage Command   Victory in the Pacific Sailing from Puget Sound, Yorktown arrived at Eniwetok, via Alameda, on October 31. Joining first Task Group 38.4, then TG 38.1, it attacked targets in the Philippines in support of the Allied invasion of Leyte. Retiring to Ulithi on November 24, Yorktown shifted to TF 38 and prepared for the invasion of Luzon. Striking targets on that island in December, it endured a severe typhoon that sank three destroyers. After replenishing at Ulithi late in the month, Yorktown sailed for raids on Formosa and the Philippines as troops prepared to land at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon. On January 12, the carriers planes conducted a highly successful raid on Saigon and Tourane Bay, Indochina. This was followed by attacks on Formosa, Canton, Hong Kong, and Okinawa. The following month, Yorktown began attacks on the Japanese home islands and then supported the invasion of Iwo Jima. After resuming strikes on Japan late in February, Yorktown withdrew to Ulithi on March 1. After two weeks of rest, Yorktown returned north and began operations against Japan on March 18. That afternoon a Japanese air attack succeeded in hitting the carriers signal bridge. The resulting explosion killed 5 and wounded 26 but had little effect on Yorktowns operations. Shifting south, the carrier began focusing its efforts against Okinawa. Remaining off the island following the landing of Allied forces, Yorktown aided in defeating Operation Ten-Go and sinking the battleship Yamato on April 7. S Supporting operations on Okinawa through early June, the carrier then departed for a series of attacks on Japan. For the next two months, Yorktown operated off the Japanese coast with its aircraft mounting their final raid against Tokyo on August 13. With the surrender of Japan, the carrier steamed offshore to provide cover for the occupation forces. Its aircraft also delivered food and supplies to Allied prisoners of war. Leaving Japan on October 1, Yorktown embarked passengers at Okinawa before steaming for San Francisco. Postwar Years For the remainder of 1945, Yorktown crisscrossed the Pacific returning American servicemen to the United States. Initially placed in reserve in June 1946, it was decommissioned the following January. It remained inactive until June 1952 when it was selected to undergo a SCB-27A modernization. This saw a radical redesign of the ships island and well as modifications to allow it operate jet aircraft. Completed in February 1953, Yorktown was re-commissioned and departed for the Far East. Operating in this region until 1955, it entered the yard at Puget Sound that March and had an angled flight deck installed. Resuming active service in October, Yorktown resumed duty in the western Pacific with the 7th Fleet. After two years of peacetime operations, the carriers designation was changed to antisubmarine warfare. Arriving at Puget Sound in September 1957, Yorktown underwent modifications to support this new role. The US Navy aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CVS-10) at sea off Hawaii (USA), some time between 1961 and 1963.   US Naval History and Heritage Command Leaving the yard in early 1958, Yorktown commenced operating from Yokosuka, Japan. The following year, it helped deter Communist Chinese forces during the standoff at Quemoy and Matsu. The next five years saw the carrier conduct routine peacetime training and maneuvers on the West Coast and in the Far East. With the growing American involvement in the Vietnam War, Yorktown began operating with TF 77 on Yankee Station. Here it provided anti-submarine warfare and sea-air rescue support to its consorts. In January 1968, the carrier shifted to the Sea of Japan to as part of a contingency force following the North Korean capture of USS Pueblo. Remaining abroad until June, Yorktown then returned to Long Beach completing its final Far East tour. That November and December, Yorktown served as a filming platform for the film Tora! Tora! Tora! about the attack on Pearl Harbor. With the end of filming, the carrier steamed into the Pacific to recover Apollo 8 on December 27. Shifting to the Atlantic in early 1969, Yorktown began conducting training exercises and took part in NATO maneuvers. An aging vessel, the carrier arrived in Philadelphia the following year and was decommissioned on June 27. Struck from the Navy List a year later, Yorktown moved to Charleston, SC in 1975. There it became the centerpiece of the Patriots Point Naval Maritime Museum and where it remains today.

Book Report On Parrotfish By Ellen Wittlinger - 919 Words

Katie Addams Mrs. Rehrig English L1 6 October 2016 The Book Details I chose to read the book Parrotfish by Ellen Wittlinger. I selected this book for many reasons. Beyond the intriguing design of the cover, the title grabbed my attention. I was unaware of what a parrotfish was. As I learned in the book, a parrotfish is a type of fish that can change gender as it goes throughout life. This metaphor contributes to one of the biggest thematic statements of the novel (â€Å"Nature creates many variations†). The main character quickly realizes the limitations between the parallels of himself and the parrotfish. The Setting This story takes place in a small town in Massachusetts. The setting of the story was revealed towards the end of the book when the main character had to drive to Connecticut. The main character’s sibling questioned what Connecticut had that they didn t have in Massachusetts. The time that the story took place in was not directly stated correspondingly with the place. I can infer, based on details from the story, that it takes place in present day. For example, the main character, Grady, received a smartphone as one of his Christmas presents. In addition, Grady’s younger brother, Charlie played video games for an abundance of his free time. The Characters This story was mainly about Angela Katz-McNair, who later became Grady Katz-McNair. He has short, brown hair and a very skinny physique. He is undoubtedly a dynamic character. Not only did Grady

Hot Water Burns Like Fire Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

This study compiled by a community nurse, within a little community Centre, aims to inform fellow nurses of the causes, and preemptive schemes that are in topographic point to forestall unneeded hurts. The focal point of this study is on inadvertent Burnss and scalds in Australian kids aged 0-14 old ages and the increased hazard to kids aged 0-4 old ages. This age group was found to be of particularly high hazard, harmonizing to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ( AIHW ) , and the Department of Health and Aging ( 2006 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Hot Water Burns Like Fire Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The factors that contribute to an increased hazard of Burnss and scalds, including age and development, gender, deficiency of barriers and supervising, unequal statute laws and deficiency of public consciousness are each explored throughout this study. What is a burn? The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) defines a burn â€Å" as an hurt to the tegument or other organic tissue caused by heat [ this hurt causes some or all of the tegument cells or other tissues to decease, this can be caused by ] hot liquid ( scalds ) , hot solids ( contact Burnss ) , or fires ( fire Burnss ) † ( WHO 2008, p.21 ) . Burn and scald facts Harmonizing to Kidsafe Tasmania ( 2008 ) , a scald from hot liquid can go on rapidly, doing a kid who has sensitive tegument compared to an grownup, unneeded hurt, normally to the face, cervix, thorax, and custodies. Hot drinks are the major cause of scalds to kids, doing 44 % of hurts ( Kidsafe ) . Many kids run into grownups who are keeping a cup of hot liquid, such as soup or a drink, or draw dishware or pans from tabular arraies or stovetops incorporating hot liquids ( Kidsafe ) . 20 % of kids pull on boiler cords doing scalds from poached H2O. Hot pat H2O in the kitchen or the bathroom causes 14 % of scalds and 22 % are from cooking hot nutrient in the kitchen ( Kidsafe 2008, p. 1-3 ) . Environmental alterations to cut down childhood Burnss and scalds Move hot drinks to the center of a tabular array out of range Turn saucepan grips around on the range Use hotplates at the rear of the range Reduce hot H2O temperatures to 50A °C Use secured fire screens around fires Use and replace batteries on a regular basis in fume sensors Keep lucifers and coffin nail igniters out of sight and range of kids Ensure all hot contraptions are out of range when chilling Never leave a kid unattended in the bathroom or in the kitchen Ensure electrical contraption cords are out of range ( Australian and New Zealand Burn Association 2009 ) . The Alma Atta Declaration ( WHO 1978 ) provinces: Primary Health Care requires and promotes maximal community†¦ engagement†¦ doing fullest usage of local, national and other available resources ; and to this terminal develops through appropriate instruction the ability of communities to take part ( World Health Organisation ( WHO ) 1978 ) . Consequently a supportive multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral attack from National and community administrations and associations are indispensable to cut down hurt statistics ( Watson, M 2010 ) . Nurses and other wellness professionals play a cardinal function in the instruction, publicity and bar of such hurts ( McMurray 2011 p.5 ) . ‘Hot H2O Burnss like fire ‘ Community consciousness runs, such as ‘Hot Water Burns Like Fire ‘ which was conducted in NSW in 1992, dramatically reduced scald figures. During 1989 – 1996 hospitalization rates for scalds were reduced by 13 % , infirmary corsets decreased by 18 % , therefore liberating up hospital beds. The first stage offered information on causes of scalds, followed by the 2nd stage, which focused on the execution and statute law of the decrease of hot H2O cylinder temperatures to 50A °C. The consequences dramatically reduced the costs to the Australian wellness attention system yearly by about 3.8 – 6.5 million dollars. ( WHO 1992 ) . Federal and province statute law, some facts In 2009 The ACT Government banned the sale of backyard pyrotechnics ( Andrew 2009 ) . South Australia Explosives Regulations Act 2001 prohibits the sale and ownership of pyrotechnics â€Å" other than a general usage pyrotechnic † [ Direct Quote ] . In Queensland smoke alarm Torahs were introduced in 1997, new edifices including redevelopments were required to put in hardwired fume dismaies. In 2007 it became compulsory that all Queensland places install at least one ‘9 V battery powered ‘ fume dismay ( 2007 ) . Appendix 1 illustrates the figure of hospitalizations due to Burnss and scalds in kids aged 0-4 old ages, 5-9 old ages and 10-14 old ages during the 5-year period 1999/00 to 2003/04 ( Harrison, J and Steel, D 2006 ) . During the first 4 old ages of life, a kid is more at hazard from Burnss than those in an older age group and males are of greater hazard than females ( Harrison, J and Steel, D 2006 ) . Harmonizing to Drago ( 2005 ) kids between 0-2 old ages are identified as a high hazard group due to the deficiency of cognition of such dangers. A survey in Greece that focused on hazard associated with babyhood burn hurts within the place besides found that most hurts occurred in the kitchen to babies between the ages of birth and 4 old ages. A astonishing 60 % of instances were due to hot liquid Burnss ( Harrison, J and Steel, D 2006 p. 10 ) . Appendix 2 high spots the cognitive and freshly acquired physical accomplishments that kids gain between the ages of 9 and 12 months. Children below 24 months are â€Å" yet to get the apprehension of danger†¦ [ and hazards associated with their new endowments ] † ( Harrison, J et Al. 2006 ) . The environment in which we live dramas an built-in function in finding hurt forms as Drago ( 2005 ) suggests, most family scalds occur in the kitchen affecting hot H2O in boilers and pots and pans that are pulled down off counters and ranges ( Drago 2005, p.10 ) . In the United Kingdom following the debut of the tea bag, scalds increased conversely teapot scalds decreased. In 1991 Denmark saw a new form of scalds associated with the debut of the electric boiler caused by cords being pulled down. Unfortunately electric contraptions that have cords and grips are frequently responsible for Burnss and scalds in kids under 5 old ages ( Drago 2005 p 10-14 ) . Lower socioeconomic groups Although morbidity and mortality rates are associated with poorness, kids from lower socioeconomic groups within high-income states were shown to hold increased burn hurts ( WHO 2008 p. 85 ) . In Sweden kids of lower socioeconomic groups were up to 2.3 times more likely to be hospitalised for Burnss, than those in wealthier parts ( WHO 2008 p. 21 ) . Due to deficiency of instruction, bar schemes and first assistance preparation, Aboriginal kids are at higher hazard of burn hurts. During a three twelvemonth period 73 % of Aboriginal kids were admitted to infirmary from Burnss, many incidents are caused by reassigning boiling H2O into the bath and sloping it accidently on the kid ( Kennet 2010 ) . Decision Although administrations have collaborated by supplying some community consciousness, the AIHW ( 2008 p.22 ) research states that admittance rates due to childhood Burnss and scalds has increased by 20 % in a decennary. Burns and scalds cause hurting and agony, for the kid, their households and are a significant strain on the wellness attention system. Education to forestall inadvertent hurts is imperative if we want to diminish burn incidences ( Kennett 2010 ) . Communities missing a multifaceted populace wellness attention attack will see injury figures remain ( Watson, M 2010 ) . The kid and household wellness nurse is an built-in solution to the instruction of parents and communities to supply information to protect and advance safe and friendly environments for kids ( McMurray 2011 p.188 ) . Lower socioeconomic groups and Aboriginal communities need extra services and instruction to help bar of Burnss in the first case and first assistance to right pull off a burn so that the pa tients recovery is lessened ( Kennett 2010 ) . Globally the authorities, parliament and others in power necessitate regulation pyrotechnics, fume sensors, and temperatures of hot H2O cylinders around the universe and to increase instruction ( Turner 2009 ) maintaining in head that â€Å" All human existences have an equal right to wellness and safety † ( UNICEF 2008 ) . How to cite Hot Water Burns Like Fire Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples